Part V of the Indian Constitution deals with the Union and the Territories of India. This part of the Constitution outlines the structure, powers, and functioning of the Union government, which is responsible for governing the entire country, as well as the administration of Union Territories and the relations between the Union and the States. Part V comprises Articles 52 to 151.
Part V: The Union (Articles 52-151)
Article 52: The President of India
• Article 52 establishes the office of the President of India as the constitutional head of the
country.
• It outlines the qualifications, election, and term of the President.
• The President's powers and functions, including ceremonial roles, are also specified.
Article 53: Executive Power of the President
• Article 53 vests the executive power of the Union in the President.
• However, the President exercises this power in accordance with the advice of the Council of
Ministers headed by the Prime Minister.
Article 54: Election of President
• Article 54 describes the method of electing the President.
• The President is elected by an electoral college consisting of the elected members of both
Houses of Parliament and the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of States.
Article 55: Manner of Election of President
• Article 55 further elaborates on the manner of the President's election, including the
allocation of votes among states and the formula for calculating the value of votes.
Article 56: Term of Office of President
• Article 56 specifies the term of the President, which is five years.
• A President can be re-elected for additional terms.
Article 57: Eligibility for Re-election
• Article 57 clarifies the eligibility for re-election as President, stating that there is no limit on
the number of terms a person can serve as President.
Article 58: Qualifications for Election as President
• Article 58 outlines the qualifications required for a person to be eligible for election as
President, including the minimum age and citizenship criteria.
Article 59: Conditions of President's Office
• Article 59 addresses the conditions for holding the office of President, such as
disqualifications, impeachment, and resignation.
Article 60: Oath or Affirmation by the President
• Article 60 specifies the oath or affirmation to be taken by the President before entering upon
the office.Article 61: Procedure for Impeachment of the President
• Article 61 lays down the procedure for the impeachment of the President in case of
violation of the Constitution.
Article 62: Time of Holding Presidential Election
• Article 62 provides for the time of holding the Presidential election in case of a vacancy.
Article 63: Continuance in Office of President and Speaker and the Governor of a State
• Article 63 ensures the continuity of the President's and Governor's office until their
successors are elected or appointed.
Article 64: Vice President to be Ex-officio Chairman of the Council of States
• Article 64 designates the Vice President as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
(Council of States).
Article 65: The Vice President
• Article 65 defines the office of the Vice President, including qualifications and election
procedures.
Article 66: Election of Vice President
• Article 66 details the election process of the Vice President by an electoral college
consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament.
Article 67: Term of Office of Vice President
• Article 67 sets the term of the Vice President as five years, subject to re-election.
Article 68: Time of Holding the Vice Presidential Election
• Article 68 outlines the timing for holding the election for the Vice President in the event of
a vacancy.
Article 69: Oath or Affirmation by the Vice President
• Article 69 specifies the oath or affirmation to be taken by the Vice President before entering
upon the office.
Article 70: Discharge of President's Functions in Other Contingencies
• Article 70 details the procedures for the discharge of the President's functions in certain
contingencies like the President's illness.
Article 71: Matters Relating to, or Connected with, the Election of a President or Vice
President• Article 71 provides for disputes regarding the election of the President or Vice President to
be decided by the Supreme Court.
Article 72: Power of President to Grant Pardons, etc., and to Suspend, Remit or Commute
Sentences in Certain Cases
• Article 72 empowers the President to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of
punishment and to suspend, remit, or commute sentences.
Article 73: Extent of Executive Power of the Union
• Article 73 clarifies that the executive power of the Union extends to the matters on which
Parliament has the power to make laws.
Article 74: Council of Ministers to Aid and Advise President
• Article 74 mandates that the Council of Ministers shall aid and advise the President in the
exercise of his functions.
Article 75: Other Provisions as to Ministers
• Article 75 deals with the appointment, term, and responsibility of Ministers, including the
Prime Minister.
Article 76: Attorney General for India
• Article 76 establishes the office of the Attorney General for India, who is the chief legal
advisor to the government.
Article 77: Conduct of Business of the Government of India
• Article 77 specifies how the business of the government shall be conducted, including the
duties of the Prime Minister and the submission of decisions to the President.
Article 78: Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the
President, etc.
• Article 78 outlines the Prime Minister's duties regarding the provision of information to the
President and other matters of national importance.
Article 79: Constitution of Parliament
• Article 79 defines Parliament as consisting of the President and two Houses: the Council of
States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha).
Article 80: Composition of the Council of States
• Article 80 specifies the composition of the Rajya Sabha, including the allocation of seats to
States and Union Territories.Article 81: Composition of the House of the People
• Article 81 specifies the composition of the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the
allocation of seats to States and Union Territories.
Article 82: Readjustment after Each Census
• Article 82 mandates the readjustment of the number of seats in the Lok Sabha after each
census.
Article 83: Duration of Houses of Parliament
• Article 83 sets the term of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha to five years.
Article 84: Qualifications for Membership of Parliament
• Article 84 outlines the qualifications required for a person to be eligible for membership in
either House of Parliament.
Article 85: Sessions of Parliament, Prorogation and Dissolution
• Article 85 deals with the summoning, prorogation, and dissolution of sessions of
Parliament.
Article 86: Right of President to Address and Send Messages to Houses
• Article 86 allows the President to address and send messages to either House of Parliament.
Article 87: Special Address by the President
• Article 87 provides for the President's special address at the commencement of the first
session after each general election.
Article 88: Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as to Speaking and Voting
• Article 88 grants the right to Ministers and the Attorney General to speak and take part in
the proceedings of either House of Parliament, but they cannot vote in the other House.
Article 89: Vacation of Seats
• Article 89 addresses the vacation of seats by members of Parliament in certain
circumstances.
Article 90: Vacation of Seats of Members, who are Disqualified
• Article 90 deals with the vacation of seats by members of Parliament who become
disqualified.
Article 91: Powers, Privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the Members and
Committees thereof• Article 91 confers certain powers and privileges upon both Houses of Parliament and their
members.
Article 92: Constitution of the Legislative Councils in States
• Article 92 allows for the creation of Legislative Councils in States that do not have a
unicameral legislature.
Article 93: Composition of the Legislative Councils
• Article 93 specifies the composition of Legislative Councils in States.
Article 94: Provisions as to the Council of States
• Article 94 deals with the composition and duration of the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).
Article 95: Composition of the House of the People
• Article 95 specifies the composition and duration of the Lok Sabha (House of the People).
Article 96: Vice President to be Ex-officio Chairman of the Council of States
• Article 96 designates the Vice President as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
Article 97: Salaries and Allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman
• Article 97 addresses the salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman of
the Rajya Sabha.
Article 98: Secretariat of Parliament
• Article 98 provides for the establishment of a Secretariat for Parliament.
Article 99: Oath or Affirmation by Members
• Article 99 specifies the oath or affirmation to be taken by members of Parliament.
Article 100: Voting in Houses, Power of Houses to Act notwithstanding Vacancies and
Quorum
• Article 100 outlines the rules for voting in Parliament, the power to act in spite of
vacancies, and the quorum requirement.
Article 101: Vacation of Seats
• Article 101 addresses the vacation of seats by members of the Legislative Assemblies and
Legislative Councils of States.
Article 102: Disqualifications for Membership
• Article 102 outlines the disqualifications for membership in either House of Parliament.Article 103: Decision on Questions as to Disqualifications of Members
• Article 103 provides for the authority to decide on questions related to the disqualification
of members of Parliament.
Article 104: Penalty for Sitting and Voting before Making and Subscribing Oath or
Affirmation under Article 99 or when not Qualified or when Disqualified
• Article 104 stipulates penalties for members who sit and vote without taking the oath or
affirmation, when they are not qualified, or when they are disqualified.
Article 105: Powers, Privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the Members and
Committees thereof
• Article 105 grants powers and privileges to both Houses of Parliament and their members.
Article 106: Salaries and Allowances of Members
• Article 106 addresses the salaries and allowances of members of Parliament.
Article 107: Provisions as to Introduction and Passing of Bills
• Article 107 outlines the legislative procedures for introducing and passing bills in
Parliament.
Article 108: Joint Sitting of Both Houses in Certain Cases
• Article 108 provides for joint sittings of both Houses of Parliament in the case of
disagreement on certain bills.
Article 109: Special Procedure in Respect of Money Bills
• Article 109 details the special procedure for the consideration of Money Bills in Parliament.
Article 110: Definition of "Money Bills"
• Article 110 defines what constitutes a "Money Bill."
Article 111: Assent to Bills
• Article 111 addresses the President's assent to bills passed by Parliament.
Article 112: Annual Financial Statement
• Article 112 requires the presentation of an annual financial statement (Budget) in
Parliament by the President.
Article 113: Procedure in Financial Matters
• Article 113 outlines the procedures related to financial matters in Parliament.Article 114: Appropriation Bills
• Article 114 deals with Appropriation Bills, which authorize government spending.
Article 115: Supplementary, Additional or Excess Grants
• Article 115 allows for supplementary, additional, or excess grants in cases of unexpected
expenditure.
Article 116: Votes on Account, Votes of Credit and Exceptional Grants
• Article 116 permits Votes on Account, Votes of Credit, and Exceptional Grants for a
specified period before the budget is passed.
Article 117: Special Provisions as to Financial Bills
• Article 117 provides special provisions regarding the passage of financial bills.
Article 118: Rules of Procedure
• Article 118 allows each House of Parliament to make its own rules of procedure.
Article 119: Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business
• Article 119 specifies that the procedure in Parliament regarding financial matters shall be
regulated by law.
Article 120: Language to be used in Parliament
• Article 120 designates the languages that can be used for business in Parliament.
Article 121: Restriction on discussion in Parliament
• Article 121 imposes restrictions on the discussion of certain matters in Parliament.
Article 122: Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament
• Article 122 prohibits courts from inquiring into the proceedings of Parliament.
Article 123: Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament
• Article 123 grants the President the power to issue ordinances when Parliament is not in
session.
Article 124: Establishment and Constitution of Supreme Court
• Article 124 establishes the Supreme Court of India and outlines its composition.
Article 125: Salaries, etc., of Judges
• Article 125 addresses the salaries and allowances of judges of the Supreme Court.Article 126: Appointment of Acting Chief Justice
• Article 126 deals with the appointment of an Acting Chief Justice in case of the Chief
Justice's absence or inability to perform duties.
Article 127: Appointment of ad hoc Judges
• Article 127 permits the appointment of ad hoc judges in the Supreme Court in certain
situations.
Article 128: Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court
• Article 128 allows retired judges to attend sittings of the Supreme Court.
Article 129: Supreme Court to be a court of record
• Article 129 designates the Supreme Court as a court of record, with all the powers of such a
court.
Article 130: Seat of Supreme Court
• Article 130 specifies the seat of the Supreme Court, which is in Delhi.
Article 131: Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
• Article 131 grants the Supreme Court exclusive jurisdiction to hear disputes between the
Union and States or between States.
Article 132: Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in
certain cases
• Article 132 details the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in cases where a
substantial question of law is involved.
Article 133: Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in
regard to civil matters
• Article 133 outlines the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in civil matters.
Article 134: Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in criminal matters
• Article 134 specifies the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in criminal matters.
Article 135: Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be
exercisable by the Supreme Court
• Article 135 transfers the jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court to the Supreme Court.
Article 136: Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court• Article 136 grants the Supreme Court the discretion to grant special leave to appeal in any
matter.
Article 137: Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court
• Article 137 provides for the review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court.
Article 138: Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
• Article 138 allows for the enlargement of the Supreme Court's jurisdiction by Parliament.
Article 139: Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs
• Article 139 grants the Supreme Court the power to issue writs for the enforcement of
fundamental rights.
Article 140: Ancillary powers of Supreme Court
• Article 140 provides for the ancillary powers of the Supreme Court.
Article 141: Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts
• Article 141 establishes that the law declared by the Supreme Court is binding on all courts
within the territory of India.
Article 142: Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to
discovery, etc.
• Article 142 empowers the Supreme Court to enforce its decrees and orders and to issue
orders for the purpose of justice.
Article 143: Power of President to consult Supreme Court
• Article 143 enables the President to seek the opinion of the Supreme Court on questions of
law or fact.
Article 144: Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court
• Article 144 requires civil and judicial authorities to assist the Supreme Court in the
execution of its orders.
Article 145: Rules of Court, etc.
• Article 145 allows the Supreme Court to make rules regarding its procedure, including rules
for the presentation of cases.
Article 146: Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court
• Article 146 addresses the appointment of officers and servants and the expenses of the
Supreme Court.Article 147: Interpretation
• Article 147 clarifies that the Supreme Court's judgments, decrees, and orders shall not be
open to review or be called into question by any court.
Article 148: Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
• Article 148 establishes the office of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India (CAG)
and outlines its duties and powers.
Article 149: Duties and Powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General
• Article 149 elaborates on the duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General.
Article 150: Form of accounts of the Union and of the States
• Article 150 specifies the form in which accounts of the Union and the States shall be kept.
Article 151: Audit reports
• Article 151 deals with the submission of audit reports to the President, Governors, and
legislatures of States.
These articles in Part V of the Indian Constitution detail the structure and functioning of the
executive branch, the powers and privileges of Parliament, the establishment and jurisdiction of the
Supreme Court, and the role of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. They form a crucial
part of India's constitutional framework, ensuring the separation of powers, accountability, and the
rule of law.