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Part X of the Indian Constitution pertains to the Scheduled and Tribal Areas. This part focuses on the special provisions and safeguards for the Scheduled Tribes (STs) and the Scheduled Areas, aiming to protect their distinct culture, traditions, and economic interests. Part X includes Articles 244 and 244A to 244ZD.
Here's a breakdown of the key provisions and aspects of Part X:
**Article 244**: Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas: This article establishes the President's authority to declare certain areas as Scheduled Areas, which are inhabited by tribal communities. It also outlines the governance framework for these areas, empowering the Governors to make regulations for their administration.
**Article 244A**: Formation of an autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in Assam and creation of local Legislature or Council of Ministers or both therefor: This article provides for the formation of an autonomous State within Assam comprising specific tribal areas. It allows for the creation of a local legislature or council of ministers or both for self-governance.
**Article 244B**: Establishment of a Tribes Advisory Council: This article allows for the creation of a Tribes Advisory Council for each State with Scheduled Areas. The Council advises the Governor on matters related to the welfare and advancement of Scheduled Tribes.
**Article 244C**: Amendment of the Schedule: This article provides for the President's authority to amend the Schedule of Scheduled Areas through a notification.
**Article 244D**: Continuation of existing laws and their adaptation: This article deals with the continuation of existing laws in Scheduled Areas and their adaptation based on local customs.
**Article 244E**: Provisions as to the administration of Scheduled Areas in States of Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa: This article provides special provisions related to the administration of Scheduled Areas in specific States.
**Article 244F**: Provisions as to the administration of Scheduled Areas in the States of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and Maharashtra: This article provides similar special provisions for the administration of Scheduled Areas in these States.
**Article 244G**: Sixth Schedule: This article outlines the special provisions for the administration of tribal areas in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution.
**Article 244H**: Provisions as to the administration of tribal areas in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram: This article further elaborates on the administration of tribal areas under the Sixth Schedule.
**Article 244I**: Formation of an autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in Tripura: This article deals with the formation of an autonomous State within Tripura and the creation of a local legislature or council of ministers or both for its governance.
**Article 244J**: Provisions in relation to the administration of the Hill Areas in Manipur: This article outlines the special provisions for the administration of hill areas in Manipur.
**Article 244K**: Provisions as to the administration of tribal areas in the State of Mizoram: This article provides special provisions related to the administration of tribal areas in Mizoram.
**Article 244L**: Provisions as to the administration of tribal areas in the State of Arunachal Pradesh: This article outlines the administration of tribal areas in Arunachal Pradesh.
**Article 244M**: Definitions: This article provides definitions for terms used in Part X.
**Article 244N**: Constitution of a District Council for each autonomous district: This article allows for the establishment of District Councils for each autonomous district in the tribal areas of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.
**Article 244O**: Powers of District Councils: This article outlines the powers and functions of District Councils, including the power to make laws on specific subjects.
**Article 244P**: Composition of District Councils: This article provides for the composition of District Councils and the representation of different tribal communities.
**Article 244Q**: Reservation of seats: This article deals with the reservation of seats for Scheduled Tribes in District Councils.
**Article 244R**: Duration of District Councils: This article specifies the term duration of District Councils.
**Article 244S**: Extension of Acts and Regulations to autonomous districts and autonomous regions: This article provides for the extension of certain Acts and Regulations to autonomous districts and autonomous regions.
**Article 244T**: Application of provisions of Sixth Schedule to certain tribal areas: This article outlines the application of provisions of the Sixth Schedule to specified tribal areas.
**Article 244U**: Special provisions with respect to Nagaland: This article provides special provisions for the State of Nagaland, allowing for its autonomous statehood with certain safeguards.
**Article 244V**: Provision in case of failure of constitutional machinery: This article deals with the provision in case of a failure of the constitutional machinery in autonomous districts or autonomous regions.
**Article 244W**: Power of Governor to make regulations: This article empowers the Governor to make regulations for peace and good governance in autonomous districts and autonomous regions.
**Article 244X**: Power of the President to direct that a particular Act of Parliament may not apply to an autonomous district or an autonomous region: This article allows the President to exempt certain Acts of Parliament from applying to autonomous districts or autonomous regions.
**Article 244Y**: Saving of laws in force and their continuance: This article deals with the continuation of existing laws in the tribal areas mentioned in the Sixth Schedule.
**Article 244Z**: Power to remove difficulties: This article grants the President the power to remove difficulties in implementing the provisions of Part X.
Part X of the Indian Constitution emphasizes the protection and advancement of the interests of Scheduled Tribes and the governance of Scheduled Areas. It recognizes the unique needs and culture of these tribal communities and provides a framework for their administration, autonomy, and representation in local governance.