The Constitution of India has undergone numerous amendments since its adoption in 1950. As of
my last knowledge update in September 2021, there were 105 amendments. I will provide a brief
description of each amendment up to that point:
**1st Amendment (1951)**: It added Ninth Schedule to protect land reform laws from judicial
review and made provisions for the protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech and
expression.
**2nd Amendment (1952)**: It made changes to Article 81, dealing with representation in the
House of the People.
**3rd Amendment (1954)**: It added Dadra and Nagar Haveli as a Union Territory.
**4th Amendment (1955)**: It added Pondicherry as a Union Territory.
**5th Amendment (1955)**: It amended the First Schedule to include the newly formed states and
redefined the territories of existing states.
**6th Amendment (1956)**: It reorganized states and union territories on the basis of language,
resulting in the creation of new states.
**7th Amendment (1956)**: It facilitated the reorganization of the States of India on linguistic
lines.
**8th Amendment (1960)**: It added Nagaland as a special category state.
**9th Amendment (1960)**: It provided for the incorporation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli as a
Union Territory.
**10th Amendment (1961)**: It provided for the incorporation of Goa, Daman, and Diu as a Union
Territory.
**11th Amendment (1961)**: It provided for the incorporation of the territories of French
Establishments in India as Union Territories.
**12th Amendment (1962)**: It redefined the territories of Assam following the reorganization of
states in northeastern India.
**13th Amendment (1962)**: It provided for the incorporation of the Union territories of Andaman
and Nicobar Islands.
**14th Amendment (1962)**: It provided for the incorporation of the Union territory of
Chandernagore.
**15th Amendment (1963)**: It provided for the incorporation of the Union territory of Karikal.
**16th Amendment (1963)**: It altered Article 81 to re-adjust the representation of states in the
House of the People.
**17th Amendment (1964)**: It conferred the right to a separate state of Maharashtra and Gujarat.
**18th Amendment (1966)**: It provided for the incorporation of the Union territory of Mizoram.**19th Amendment (1966)**: It provided for the incorporation of the Union territory of Arunachal
Pradesh.
**20th Amendment (1966)**: It provided for the incorporation of the Union territory of Goa,
Daman, and Diu.
**21st Amendment (1967)**: It made changes to Article 3 related to the formation of new states
and alteration of areas, boundaries, or names of existing states.
**22nd Amendment (1969)**: It extended the term of reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the
Lok Sabha and State Legislatures.
**23rd Amendment (1969)**: It allowed the Punjab Reorganization Act, 1966, to have effect
despite repugnancy.
**24th Amendment (1971)**: It sought to overturn the Supreme Court's Golaknath judgment and
reinforce Parliament's power to amend fundamental rights.
**25th Amendment (1971)**: It allowed the acquisition of estates for certain purposes and
provided for compensation.
former rulers of princely states.
**27th Amendment (1971)**: It added the Kesavananda Bharati case to the Ninth Schedule.
**28th Amendment (1972)**: It provided for the incorporation of the Union territory of Manipur.
**29th Amendment (1972)**: It provided for the incorporation of the Union territory of Tripura.
**30th Amendment (1972)**: It provided for the incorporation of the Union territory of
Meghalaya.
**31st Amendment (1973)**: It provided for the incorporation of the Union territory of Haryana.
**32nd Amendment (1973)**: It provided for the incorporation of the Union territory of Himachal
Pradesh.
**33rd Amendment (1974)**: It provided for the incorporation of the Union territory of Nagaland.
**34th Amendment (1974)**: It modified the Eighth Schedule, adding new languages.
**35th Amendment (1974)**: It incorporated Sikkim as an associate state.
**36th Amendment (1975)**: It incorporated Sikkim as a full-fledged state.
**37th Amendment (1975)**: It provided for the incorporation of the Union territory of Arunachal
Pradesh.
**38th Amendment (1975)**: It provided for the incorporation of the Union territory of Mizoram.**39th Amendment (1975)**: It placed certain land reforms under the Ninth Schedule.
**40th Amendment (1976)**: It established a ceiling on the maximum size of landholdings.
**41st Amendment (1976)**: It dealt with the political situation in the state of Tamil Nadu.
**42nd Amendment (1976)**: It made numerous changes, including the addition of Fundamental
Duties, and expanded the powers of the Executive.
**43rd Amendment (1977)**: It amended Article 81 to re-adjust the representation of states in the
House of the People.
**44th Amendment (1978)**: It made significant changes, including the restoration of some
fundamental rights, after the Emergency.
**45th Amendment (1980)**: It clarified the grounds for disqualification on the grounds of
defection.
**46th Amendment (1982)**: It amended Article 356 to extend President's rule in Punjab.
**47th Amendment (1984)**: It added new land reform laws to the Ninth Schedule.
**48th Amendment (1984)**: It amended Article 356 to extend President's rule in Assam.
**49th Amendment (1984)**: It added new land reform laws to the Ninth Schedule.
**50th Amendment (1984)**: It amended the Eighth Schedule, adding new languages.
**51st Amendment (1984)**: It added new land reform laws to the Ninth Schedule.
**52nd Amendment (1985)**: It extended the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok
Sabha and State Legislatures by another 10 years.
**53rd Amendment (1986)**: It included the Assam Accord in the Ninth Schedule.
**54th Amendment (1986)**: It provided for the incorporation of the Union territory of Mizoram.
**55th Amendment (1987)**: It extended the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha
and State Legislatures by another 10 years.
**56th Amendment (1987)**: It provided for the incorporation of the Union territory of Arunachal
Pradesh.
**57th Amendment (1987)**: It included the Goa, Daman and Diu Reorganization Act, 1987, in the
Ninth Schedule.
**58th Amendment (1987)**: It included the Manipur Act, 1987, in the Ninth Schedule.
**59th Amendment (1988)**: It included the Nagaland Act, 1988, in the Ninth Schedule.
**60th Amendment (1988)**: It included the MeghalayaAct, 1988, in the Ninth Schedule.
**61st Amendment (1989)**: It lowered the voting age from 21 to 18.
**62nd Amendment (1989)**: It provided for the incorporation of the Union territory of Mizoram.
**63rd Amendment (1989)**: It included the Arunachal Pradesh Act, 1989, in the Ninth Schedule.
**64th Amendment (1990)**: It extended the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha
and State Legislatures by another 10 years.
**65th Amendment (1990)**: It included the Mizoram Act, 1989, in the Ninth Schedule.
**66th Amendment (1990)**: It included the Arunachal Pradesh Act, 1989, in the Ninth Schedule.
**67th Amendment (1990)**: It included the Assam Act, 1989, in the Ninth Schedule.
**68th Amendment (1991)**: It included the Assam Act, 1989, in the Ninth Schedule.
**69th Amendment (1991)**: It extended the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha
and State Legislatures by another 10 years.
**70th Amendment (1992)**: It extended the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha
and State Legislatures by another 10 years.
**71st Amendment (1992)**: It included the Scheduled Areas Act, 1996, in the Ninth Schedule.
**72nd Amendment (1992)**: It introduced provisions for Panchayati Raj institutions in rural
areas.
**73rd Amendment (1992)**: It introduced provisions for Municipalities in urban areas.
**74th Amendment (1992)**: It amended Article 243 to include the word "mayor."
**75th Amendment (1994)**: It included the Goa, Daman and Diu Reorganization Act, 1987, in the
Ninth Schedule.
**76th Amendment (1994)**: It extended the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha
and State Legislatures by another 10 years.
**77th Amendment (1995)**: It included the Scheduled Areas Act, 1996, in the Ninth Schedule.
**78th Amendment (1995)**: It extended the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha
and State Legislatures by another 10 years.
**79th Amendment (1999)**: It provided for the incorporation of the Union territory of Mizoram.
**80th Amendment (2000)**: It included the Nagaland Act, 2000, in the Ninth Schedule.
**81st Amendment (2000)**: It extended the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha
and State Legislatures by another 10 years.**82nd Amendment (2000)**: It included the Goa, Daman and Diu Reorganization Act, 1987, in
the Ninth Schedule.
**83rd Amendment (2000)**: It extended the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha
and State Legislatures by another 10 years.
**84th Amendment (2001)**: It extended the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha
and State Legislatures by another 10 years.
**85th Amendment (2001)**: It extended the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha
and State Legislatures by another 10 years.
**86th Amendment (2002)**: It inserted Article 21-A, making education a fundamental right for
children between the ages of 6 and 14.
**87th Amendment (2003)**: It included the Nagaland Act, 2000, in the Ninth Schedule.
**88th Amendment (2003)**: It provided for the incorporation of the Union territory of Mizoram.
**89th Amendment (2003)**: It provided for the incorporation of the Union territory of Arunachal
Pradesh.
**90th Amendment (2003)**: It extended the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha
and State Legislatures by another 10 years.
**91st Amendment (2003)**: It extended the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha
and State Legislatures by another 10 years.
**92nd Amendment (2003)**: It included the Goa, Daman and Diu Reorganization Act, 1987, in
the Ninth Schedule.
**93rd Amendment (2006)**: It inserted Article 15(5) and 21A, enabling the State to provide for
reservations in educational institutions.
**94th Amendment (2006)**: It added provisions for the appointment of the Chairperson and
members of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
**95th Amendment (2009)**: It added provisions for the advancement of any socially and
educationally backward classes.
**96th Amendment (2011)**: It added provisions for the reservation of seats in educational
institutions for backward classes in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
**97th Amendment (2012)**: It added provisions for the cooperative societies and inserted Article
43B.
**98th Amendment (201
2)**: It provided for the incorporation of the Union territory of Mizoram.
**99th Amendment (2014)**: It provided for the establishment of the National Judicial
Appointments Commission (NJAC).**100th Amendment (2015)**: It provided for the exchange of certain enclaves with Bangladesh
and related boundary issues.
**101st Amendment (2016)**: It introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India.
**102nd Amendment (2018)**: It provided for the establishment of a National Commission for
Backward Classes.
**103rd Amendment (2019)**: It introduced 10% reservation for economically weaker sections in
educational institutions and public employment.
**104th Amendment (2019)**: It extended the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok
Sabha and State Legislatures by another 10 years.
**105th Amendment (2021)**: It provided for the delimitation of constituencies in the Union
territory of Jammu and Kashmir.